Bougainvilla
The scientific name of bougainvilla is bougainvillea. It is a flowering plant originated from Brazil. then to South America, also in southern Argentina and Peru. The bougainvilla species are bougainvillea
buttiana, bougainvillea glabra, bougainvillea peruviana, bougainvilla spectabilis and bougainvillea spinosa. It is also called bugambilia and it is a popular ornamental plant on areas with warm climates.
It is progated now in the following countries: Ethiopia, Indonesia, Aruba, the Philippines, Thailand, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Singapore, the Mediterranean region, the Caribbean, Mexico, South Africa, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates and the United States in Arizona, California, Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, South Carolina, and Southern Texas.
Flower
http://www.eazydee1.webatu.com/bougainvilla/flower.html .
Bougainvilla flowers most in winter and early spring, but some plants put forth scattered clusters all year. The colors are found in tones of purple, lavender, carmine, scarlet, red, pink, orange, yellow and white. Single and double flower forms are available. Double forms tend to carry their blooms near the end of the stems rather than distributing them evenly over the plant. The colorful, papery "blooms" are not flowers; they are bracts. The true flower is white, trumpet shaped and small that almost unnoticeable within the bracts. Each cluster of three flowers is surrounded by three or six bracts.
Cultivation
Bougainvilla can grow quite large and fills an area very quickly. It can be pruned, shaped, and respond well to a spring grooming. Once its growth is established it is drought tolerant. Bougainvilla has a high salt tolerance, which makes it a natural choice for color on coastal regions.
The growth rate of Bougainvilla vary from slow-growing to rapid, depending on the particular variety. Its bloom cycles are typically four to six weeks. Bougainvilla grow best in very bright full sun and with frequent fertilization, but the plant requires little water once established. As indoor houseplants in temperate regions, they can be kept small by bonsai techniques. If overwatered, Bougainvilla will not flower and may lose leaves or wilt, or even die from root decay.
Uses
Bougainvilla can be used as a houseplant put in a pot or in hanging basket. It is perfect as fence lines, on walls and as a hedge or an accent plant.
It can also be used as bonsai. The varieties used for bonsai are: Bougainvillea brazilinensis ('Pink Pixie' bougainvillea), Bougainvillea buttiana ('Golden Glow' - Has bright yellow bracts which fade to apricot), Bougainvillea buttiana ('Louis Wathen' - orange bracts), Bougainvillea buttiana ('Mrs. Butt': - crimson bracts), Bougainvillea buttiana ('Orange King'), Bougainvillea glabra (paper flower, lesser bougainvillea - the most common species used for bonsai. It has shiny green, slightly hairy leaves and magenta colored bracts), Bougainvillea glabra ('Magnifica' - rose pink bracts), Bougainvillea glabra ('Snow White' - white bracts), Bougainvillea peruviana (rosy pink bracts), and Bougainvillea spectabilis (pink or mauve bracts). History
http://www.eazydee1.webatu.com/bougainvilla/history.html .Bougainvilla was first published as "Buginvillea" in Genera Plantarum by A. L. de Jusseau in 1789. In 1930 it was corrected to "Bougainvillea" in the Index Kewensis and was split to B. spectabilis and B. glabra as botanists recognized each distinction.
These species were introduced into Europe in early 19th century, then in France and England and then to Australia and other countries. The B. buttiana was discovered by Mrs. R.V. Butt in Cartagena, a Spanish port in the Meditterranean, which a natural hybrid of B. glabra and B. peruviana. Many hybrid crosses later were created in East Africa, India, the Canary Islands, Australia, North America, and the Philippines.
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